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Just arrived in Australia? A first-week and first-month checklist for new migrants and international students

Based on 13 verified guidesLast verified Official pages checked daily

When you land, declare any food and medicines honestly. In your first week, apply for a tax file number (TFN), create a myGov account, open a bank account, and save the emergency number and the free interpreter line. In your first month, check whether you can enrol in Medicare (and get insurance if not), how long you can drive on your overseas licence in your state, whether your rental bond has been lodged with the state bond authority, and that your employer is paying super. New migrants can also use free translating and free English classes. Families should enrol children in school and check Family Tax Benefit. State rules are shown by state. Each step links to a verified guide and the official source.

What do I need to do before and when I arrive?

  1. Arriving in Australia: declaring food, medicines, duty-free goods and cash

    Declare any food, traditional medicines and supplements on your passenger card. If you are not sure, declare it. Large amounts of cash must be declared too.

    • What the law says you must declare: You must declare certain food, plant material and animal products. Shoes, clothing and equipment that you wore or used in rural areas or near animals must be cleaned thoroughly and declared. If you prefer not to declare food, plant or animal items, you can put them in the disposal bins in the terminal.↗
    • What happens if you do not declare: If officers find a biosecurity risk item that you did not declare or dispose of, you may get an infringement notice of up to A$7,280 and may be prosecuted. Your visa may also be cancelled; if it is, you will be refused entry and may not return to Australia for up to 3 years.↗
    • Mooncakes: Commercially packaged mooncakes that contain no meat are allowed, including those with egg yolk and chocolate mooncakes. Mooncakes with meat filling or bird's nest cannot be brought in or mailed.↗
    • Supplements, vitamins and traditional medicines: Vitamins, supplements and therapeutic goods for human use are allowed if they are for your own use, carried by the person who will use them, commercially packaged (capsules, tablets, liquids, powders and so on) and no more than 3 months' supply. Herbal dietary supplements and natural medicines, and dried fungi such as reishi (Ganoderma), Poria cocos and Cordyceps, must be checked in BICON first. Prescription and over-the-counter medicines are regulated by the TGA and the ABF.↗
    • Duty-free allowance (ABF): If you are 18 or over: A$900 in general goods (A$450 for children), 2.25 litres of alcohol, and 25 cigarettes or 25 grams of tobacco. Families travelling on the same flight can combine their allowances, for example 2 adults and 2 children share A$2,700. If you go over the allowance, you pay duty and tax on all goods of that type, not only the excess. If you are not sure, declare it; not declaring can lead to penalties.↗
    • Cash declaration (AUSTRAC): If you bring A$10,000 or more in cash or bearer negotiable instruments (Australian and foreign currency combined, converted to Australian dollars) into or out of Australia, complete AUSTRAC's online declaration before you go through customs and keep the receipt. There is no limit on how much you can carry, but not declaring it can lead to a fine or imprisonment. Splitting the money between family members to avoid declaring (for example having a child carry A$9,950) is called structuring and is illegal.↗

What should I sort out in my first week?

  1. Apply for a tax file number (TFN)

    You need a tax file number to earn income in Australia. If you are in Australia on a visa with work rights, apply online on the ATO website.

    • Application fee: Free. You do not need to post any documents when you apply online.↗
    • How long it takes: Within 28 days of the ATO receiving your complete application, the ATO posts a TFN notification letter to the Australian postal address you gave in the application.↗
    • If you do not have a TFN: Your employer or financial institution must withhold more tax from money paid to you. You cannot claim government payments such as JobSeeker, lodge your tax return online or apply for an ABN.↗
  2. Create a myGov account and link the ATO, Medicare and Centrelink

    Create a myGov account: you will link the ATO, Medicare and Centrelink to it later.

    • What you need to create an account: A personal email address that only you can access, or a Digital ID (such as myID). One email address can be used for only one myGov account.↗
    • Services you can link: Including the Australian Taxation Office (ATO), Centrelink, Medicare, Child Support, My Health Record, NDIS, Workforce Australia and the Unique Student Identifier (USI).↗
  3. Opening a bank account in Australia

    Open a local bank account and give the bank your TFN.

    • Opening an account within 6 weeks of arrival (Home Affairs guidance): If you open an account within 6 weeks of arriving, your passport is the only identity document you need. After 6 weeks, you need at least two documents, and one of them (such as a driver licence) must have a photo or signature.↗
    • If you do not give the bank your TFN: The bank withholds tax from your interest at the highest marginal tax rate. You can claim the withheld tax back when you lodge your tax return.↗
  4. Emergency numbers: 000, 112, 106 and non-emergency numbers

    Save the emergency number and the free health line, and know that you can ask for an interpreter.

    • Emergency number: 000 (Triple Zero) for police, fire and ambulance, in life-threatening or time-critical situations. It works from landlines, mobiles, satellite phones and some VoIP services, and it is free↗
    • If you do not speak English: The official advice is to call 000 from a landline, say police, fire or ambulance, then stay on the line; a translator will be arranged to help↗
    • healthdirect helpline: 1800 022 222, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, free (calls from mobiles may cost). Registered nurses help you decide whether to see a GP, care for yourself at home or go to emergency. For an interpreter, call TIS on 131 450 first and ask to be connected↗
  5. Free interpreters (TIS National 131 450), free document translation and free English classes

    When you call a government agency or see a doctor, you can use the free interpreter line first.

    • TIS National phone number: 131 450. Immediate telephone interpreting is available 24 hours a day, every day of the year. Within Australia the call is charged at the local call rate (calls from mobiles and from overseas may cost more).↗
    • Does interpreting cost anything: Most TIS National interpreting services are free for non-English speakers. The cost is usually paid by the agency you are contacting.↗

What should I sort out in my first month?

  1. Enrolling in Medicare: who is eligible and how to apply

    Check whether you can enrol in Medicare; most temporary visa holders cannot and rely on OSHC or OVHC insurance.

    • Who can enrol: You must live in Australia and be an Australian citizen, a New Zealand citizen, an Australian permanent resident, a person who has applied for permanent residency, or a temporary resident covered by a ministerial order. Citizens or permanent residents of Norfolk Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island or Lord Howe Island can also enrol↗
    • Insurance for temporary visas: Student visas require you to hold Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC). Work visas such as the 482 and 485 require you to hold Overseas Visitors Health Cover (OVHC) that meets the visa conditions↗
    • When the Medicare card arrives: Within 3 to 4 weeks after a complete form and documents are received and processed. Once enrolled, you can use the digital card in the myGov app straight away, as long as myGov is linked to your Medicare online account↗
  2. Driving on an overseas licence and transferring it to a state licence

    Before you drive, check how long you can use your overseas licence in your state; the time limit differs by state, and licences from non-recognised countries need tests.

    • NSW: how long temporary visa holders can drive on an overseas licence — Temporary overseas visitors who arrived on or after 1 July 2023 can drive on their overseas licence for up to 6 months. To keep driving after that, apply for a temporary overseas visitor licence (a NSW licence) within those 6 months.↗
    • NSW: deadline for citizens and permanent residents to transfer — You can drive on your overseas licence for up to 3 months after arriving. Within those 3 months you must transfer it to a NSW licence at a Service NSW centre. Drivers aged 75 and over need a medical assessment. Enquiries: 13 77 88.↗
    • VIC: deadline to transfer — If you intend to live in Victoria for more than 6 months, you must transfer your overseas licence to a Victorian licence (the website does not distinguish between temporary and permanent visas). The 6 months count from the day you first start living in Victoria; leaving and coming back does not restart the count.↗
    • QLD: deadline to transfer — Australian citizens and holders of a resident visa (a permanent visa or a special category visa) must transfer to a Queensland licence once they have lived in Queensland for 3 months. Temporary visas, business visas and guardian visas do not count as resident visas, and the website sets no transfer deadline for temporary visa holders. If your licence is not in English, carry an approved English translation when you drive (NAATI has a list of approved translators).↗
  3. Rental bonds and basic tenant rights: how much, who holds it, how to get it back

    If you paid a rental bond, check that it has been lodged with your state's bond authority, and complete the condition report when you move in.

    • NSW: maximum bond and rent in advance — Bond up to 4 weeks' rent; rent in advance up to 2 weeks; a holding fee before you sign of up to 1 week's rent, which must be credited against your rent once you sign.↗
    • NSW: who holds the bond — NSW Fair Trading holds the bond. Agents and self-managing landlords must offer Rental Bonds Online (RBO) as the first option so you can pay the bond online; you can also ask to use the paper form. Fair Trading sends you a receipt when it receives the money. RBO helpline 1800 990 724.↗
    • VIC: maximum bond — Usually no more than 1 month's rent. A higher bond is allowed only if the weekly rent is above A$900 or VCAT has made an order for that property.↗
    • VIC: who holds the bond and when it must be lodged — The Residential Tenancies Bond Authority (RTBA) holds the bond. If you pay it to the landlord, they must lodge it with the RTBA within 14 days (not counting public holidays). The RTBA sends a receipt with the bond number to the landlord and all renters within 7 days of receiving it.↗
    • QLD: maximum bond — Up to 4 weeks' rent, whatever the weekly rent is and whatever the payment is called (a pet bond counts towards the limit). Charging more is illegal.↗
    • QLD: who holds the bond and when it must be lodged — The Residential Tenancies Authority (RTA) holds the bond. The landlord or agent must give you a receipt as soon as they receive the bond and lodge it with the RTA within 10 days. You can also pay the RTA directly through its online Bond Lodgement service. The RTA sends an Acknowledgement of rental bond when it receives the money. RTA phone 1300 366 311 (Monday to Friday 8:30 am–5:00 pm); a free interpreter is available.↗
  4. Superannuation (super): employer contributions, choosing a fund and DASP

    Once you start work, check that your employer is paying super on top of your wages; temporary visa holders are included.

    • Minimum employer contribution (super guarantee): 12% of your wages. The rate applies from 1 July 2025 and is still 12% in 2026–27.↗
    • Who is eligible: Generally all employees, whether full-time, part-time or casual, including temporary residents (such as backpackers and working holiday makers). If you are under 18, you are only eligible for weeks in which you work more than 30 hours.↗
  5. Free interpreters (TIS National 131 450), free document translation and free English classes

    New migrants can have a number of documents translated for free, and eligible people can take free English classes.

    • Free Translating Service (FTS) allowance: Permanent residents and eligible visa holders can have up to 10 personal documents translated into English for free. Since 1 July 2025 the service has been delivered by TIS National on behalf of the Department of Home Affairs.↗
    • FTS visa requirements: Your visa must have been granted within the past 2 years and still be valid, you must be in Australia, and you must not have used all 10 documents. Eligible subclasses include 100, 101, 103, 143, 186, 189, 190, 300, 309, 482, 491, 494, 801, 820 and 866, among others (the official list applies and may change without notice). Visitor visas, Working Holiday visas and Australian citizens are not eligible.↗
    • Who can join AMEP free English classes: People aged 18 or over with little or no English who are permanent residents, hold an eligible temporary visa, or are citizens who previously held an eligible visa. People aged 15–17 may also be eligible: ask an AMEP provider. Free childcare is available for pre-school children during classes. There are about 300 class locations across Australia, and you can also study by distance learning or on your own through AMEPOnline.↗

What else do families with children need to do?

  1. Enrolling your child in a public school: enrolment, catchments and fees for temporary visa holders

    Enrol your child at a public school: schools have catchment areas, the first year has a different name in each state, and some temporary visa holders pay fees.

    • NSW: age for Kindergarten — A child who turns 5 on or before 31 July that year can start Kindergarten at the beginning of the school year. Every child must be in compulsory schooling before their 6th birthday.↗
    • NSW: which visas pay fees — According to the official visa table (version dated 10 September 2026): temporary work visas such as 400, 407, 408, 457, 476, 482 and 485 need an Authority to Enrol and pay the application fee and tuition (at the general temporary resident rate); 491, 494, 445 and 403 need an Authority to Enrol and pay the application fee but no tuition; 461, 785 and 790 need an Authority to Enrol but pay neither the application fee nor tuition; bridging visas are charged at the rate of the previous substantive visa; permanent residents need no Authority to Enrol and pay nothing.↗
    • VIC: age for Prep (Foundation) — Children starting in 2027 must turn 5 by 30 April 2027. Schooling is compulsory from age 6.↗
    • QLD: age for Prep — Children must turn 5 by 30 June of the year they start. Prep is a compulsory year before Year 1. Compulsory schooling runs from age 6 years 6 months until the child turns 16 or completes Year 10, whichever comes first.↗
  2. Family Tax Benefit (FTB)

    Check whether you can get Family Tax Benefit; it usually needs citizenship or a permanent visa.

    • Basic conditions: You have a dependent child aged 15 or under, or a child aged 16–19 who meets study requirements; you care for the child at least 35% of the time; and you pass the income test and residence rules↗
    • Residence rules: On the day you claim, you and your child must live in Australia. You must be an Australian citizen, hold a permanent visa, a Special Category visa, or one of the specific temporary visas listed on the Services Australia website (a partner provisional visa or a temporary protection type visa)↗
  3. Child Care Subsidy (CCS)

    If you use child care, check whether you can get the Child Care Subsidy.

    • Basic conditions: You or your partner care for the child at least 2 nights per fortnight (or 14% of the time); you are responsible for paying the fees for approved child care; you meet the residence rules; and your child is 13 or under and not in secondary school (with some exceptions) and meets the immunisation requirements↗
    • Residence rules: On the day you claim, you or your partner must live in Australia and be an Australian citizen, hold a permanent visa, a Special Category visa, or a specific temporary visa (a partner provisional visa or a temporary protection type visa). There are other exceptions, such as family members of PALM scheme subclass 403 visa holders, students sponsored by the Australian Government to study in Australia, and hardship or special circumstances↗

Common questions

I just arrived — what should I sort out in my first week?

In your first week, apply for a tax file number, create a myGov account, open a bank account and give it your TFN, and save the emergency and interpreter numbers. Application fee: Free. You do not need to post any documents when you apply online. How long it takes: Within 28 days of the ATO receiving your complete application, the ATO posts a TFN notification letter to the Australian postal address you gave in the application. Emergency number: 000 (Triple Zero) for police, fire and ambulance, in life-threatening or time-critical situations. It works from landlines, mobiles, satellite phones and some VoIP services, and it is free. TIS National phone number: 131 450. Immediate telephone interpreting is available 24 hours a day, every day of the year. Within Australia the call is charged at the local call rate (calls from mobiles and from overseas may cost more).

What should I do first after arriving in Australia?

Apply for a tax file number first — you need it to earn income in Australia. Application fee: Free. You do not need to post any documents when you apply online. How long it takes: Within 28 days of the ATO receiving your complete application, the ATO posts a TFN notification letter to the Australian postal address you gave in the application. If you do not have a TFN: Your employer or financial institution must withhold more tax from money paid to you. You cannot claim government payments such as JobSeeker, lodge your tax return online or apply for an ABN.

How do I set up a bank account when I arrive in Australia?

Soon after you arrive you may be able to open an account with just your passport. Remember to give the bank your TFN. Opening an account within 6 weeks of arrival (Home Affairs guidance): If you open an account within 6 weeks of arriving, your passport is the only identity document you need. After 6 weeks, you need at least two documents, and one of them (such as a driver licence) must have a photo or signature. If you do not give the bank your TFN: The bank withholds tax from your interest at the highest marginal tax rate. You can claim the withheld tax back when you lodge your tax return.

Can I enrol in Medicare on a temporary visa?

Most temporary visa holders cannot and rely on OSHC or OVHC insurance. Who can enrol: You must live in Australia and be an Australian citizen, a New Zealand citizen, an Australian permanent resident, a person who has applied for permanent residency, or a temporary resident covered by a ministerial order. Citizens or permanent residents of Norfolk Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island or Lord Howe Island can also enrol. Insurance for temporary visas: Student visas require you to hold Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC). Work visas such as the 482 and 485 require you to hold Overseas Visitors Health Cover (OVHC) that meets the visa conditions.

How long can I drive on my overseas licence after arriving?

It depends on your visa and which state you live in. NSW: how long temporary visa holders can drive on an overseas licence — Temporary overseas visitors who arrived on or after 1 July 2023 can drive on their overseas licence for up to 6 months. To keep driving after that, apply for a temporary overseas visitor licence (a NSW licence) within those 6 months. NSW: deadline for citizens and permanent residents to transfer — You can drive on your overseas licence for up to 3 months after arriving. Within those 3 months you must transfer it to a NSW licence at a Service NSW centre. Drivers aged 75 and over need a medical assessment. Enquiries: 13 77 88. VIC: deadline to transfer — If you intend to live in Victoria for more than 6 months, you must transfer your overseas licence to a Victorian licence (the website does not distinguish between temporary and permanent visas). The 6 months count from the day you first start living in Victoria; leaving and coming back does not restart the count. QLD: deadline to transfer — Australian citizens and holders of a resident visa (a permanent visa or a special category visa) must transfer to a Queensland licence once they have lived in Queensland for 3 months. Temporary visas, business visas and guardian visas do not count as resident visas, and the website sets no transfer deadline for temporary visa holders. If your licence is not in English, carry an approved English translation when you drive (NAATI has a list of approved translators).

How much rental bond can I be asked for, and how do I know it has been lodged?

Each state caps the bond, and the landlord or agent must lodge it with the state bond authority within a set time. NSW: maximum bond and rent in advance — Bond up to 4 weeks' rent; rent in advance up to 2 weeks; a holding fee before you sign of up to 1 week's rent, which must be credited against your rent once you sign. NSW: who holds the bond — NSW Fair Trading holds the bond. Agents and self-managing landlords must offer Rental Bonds Online (RBO) as the first option so you can pay the bond online; you can also ask to use the paper form. Fair Trading sends you a receipt when it receives the money. RBO helpline 1800 990 724. VIC: maximum bond — Usually no more than 1 month's rent. A higher bond is allowed only if the weekly rent is above A$900 or VCAT has made an order for that property. QLD: who holds the bond and when it must be lodged — The Residential Tenancies Authority (RTA) holds the bond. The landlord or agent must give you a receipt as soon as they receive the bond and lodge it with the RTA within 10 days. You can also pay the RTA directly through its online Bond Lodgement service. The RTA sends an Acknowledgement of rental bond when it receives the money. RTA phone 1300 366 311 (Monday to Friday 8:30 am–5:00 pm); a free interpreter is available.

My English is limited. How do I deal with government phone calls?

Call the free interpreter line first and say which language and which agency you need. TIS National phone number: 131 450. Immediate telephone interpreting is available 24 hours a day, every day of the year. Within Australia the call is charged at the local call rate (calls from mobiles and from overseas may cost more). Does interpreting cost anything: Most TIS National interpreting services are free for non-English speakers. The cost is usually paid by the agency you are contacting. Which organisations you can reach through TIS: Registered clients: state and federal government departments (including the Department of Home Affairs), electricity, gas and water companies, telecommunications companies, emergency services, legal services, settlement and community services and others. You are connected only during the organisation's business hours; Monday to Friday 9am–5pm (AEST) is safest. Hospitals and some insurance and utility companies can be reached outside business hours.

Answers are based on the verified content of this page — the official source always prevails.

Which guides and official sources is this based on?

Arriving in Australia: declaring food, medicines, duty-free goods and cash

Everyone who arrives in Australia completes an Incoming Passenger Card. If you carry food, plant material, animal products or traditional medicines, you must declare them honestly. Declaring is free and brings no penalty; if you do not declare and officers find the items, you can get an infringement notice of up to A$7,280, and visa holders may have their visa cancelled on the spot. Commercially packaged mooncakes without meat are allowed, but sausages, ham, fresh fruit, whole eggs and raw rice are not. Adults have a duty-free allowance of A$900 in general goods, 2.25 litres of alcohol and 25 cigarettes. Cash of A$10,000 or more must be declared to AUSTRAC before you reach customs.

Apply for a tax file number (TFN)

A tax file number (TFN) is your personal reference number in Australia's tax and superannuation (super) systems. It is usually 9 digits and stays the same for life. You need it to work, open a bank account and claim government payments in Australia, and applying is free. If you hold a foreign passport, are already in Australia and have a valid visa with work rights, you can apply online on the ATO website and usually receive your TFN by post within 28 days.

Create a myGov account and link the ATO, Medicare and Centrelink

myGov is the Australian Government's online gateway to its services. With one account you can link the Australian Taxation Office (ATO), Medicare, Centrelink and other agencies, receive government letters, lodge your tax return and check Medicare claims. All you need to create an account is a personal email address. When you link each agency, you prove your identity by answering questions about information that agency holds about you. myID is a different thing: it is the government's Digital ID app, which you can use to sign in to myGov more securely.

Opening a bank account in Australia

In Australia, wages and government payments almost always go straight into a bank account, so open a local account soon after you arrive. Under anti-money laundering law, banks must verify your identity; if you have just arrived, your passport is usually enough. Once you have your TFN, tell your bank, or tax will be withheld from your interest at the highest rate. This page explains the general rules only and does not recommend any bank.

Emergency numbers: 000, 112, 106 and non-emergency numbers

In Australia, if someone is seriously injured, life or property is in danger, or you have just seen a serious accident or crime, call 000 (Triple Zero). When the call connects, say whether you need police, fire or ambulance. The call is free. From a mobile you can also dial 112, which reaches the same service. People who are deaf or have a hearing or speech impairment use a TTY to call 106. Do not tie up 000 with non-urgent matters: the police non-emergency number is 131 444, storm and flood help is SES 132 500, health questions go to healthdirect 1800 022 222, and poisoning to 13 11 26.

Free interpreters (TIS National 131 450), free document translation and free English classes

If your English is limited, you can call 131 450 for a TIS National telephone interpreter, 24 hours a day, every day of the year. Calls to government agencies through TIS are usually free. At the GP or the pharmacy you can also ask for a free interpreter on the spot. New migrants can also use the Free Translating Service: within 2 years of your visa being granted, up to 10 personal documents can be translated into English for free. Permanent residents aged 18 or over with little English can join free English classes through the Adult Migrant English Program (AMEP).

Enrolling in Medicare: who is eligible and how to apply

Medicare is Australia's public health insurance. As a public patient in a public hospital you are treated free, GP and specialist visits and tests are subsidised, and PBS prescription medicines are cheaper. Australian citizens, permanent residents, and people who have applied for a permanent visa and meet the conditions can enrol. Most temporary visa holders (students, work visas) are not eligible and rely on OSHC or OVHC insurance instead. You can enrol in myGov, or fill in form MS004 and post or email it.

Driving on an overseas licence and transferring it to a state licence

Driver licensing is run by each state, so there is no single national rule. Temporary visa holders can generally drive on a valid overseas licence: in NSW for up to 6 months after arrival; in VIC you must transfer before you have lived there 6 months; the QLD, WA and SA websites set no time limit for temporary visa holders. Once you get permanent residency or citizenship, NSW, QLD and WA require you to transfer within 3 months, SA within 90 days, and VIC still counts 6 months of living in the state. A licence from a country that is not on a state's recognised list, for example mainland China, needs a theory test and a driving test in every state; check whether your own country is on the list. This page covers NSW, VIC, QLD, WA and SA.

Rental bonds and basic tenant rights: how much, who holds it, how to get it back

When you rent a home in Australia, the landlord cannot keep your bond. It must be lodged with the state government's bond authority: in NSW with NSW Fair Trading through Rental Bonds Online, in VIC with the RTBA, and in QLD with the RTA. The maximum differs by state (NSW and QLD up to 4 weeks' rent; VIC usually 1 month's rent). Complete a condition report with photos when you move in, claim the bond back through the official system when you leave, and the other side has 14 days to dispute. If you cannot agree, go to the state tribunal (NCAT, VCAT or QCAT). This page covers NSW, VIC and QLD.

Superannuation (super): employer contributions, choosing a fund and DASP

Super (superannuation) is Australia's compulsory retirement saving. If you are an eligible employee, your employer must pay 12% of your wages into your super fund, and this applies to temporary visa holders too. You generally cannot take the money out until you retire at 60 or reach 65. If you are a temporary resident, you can apply for a departing Australia superannuation payment (DASP) after you leave Australia and your visa ends, but tax is deducted. This page does not recommend any fund.

Enrolling your child in a public school: enrolment, catchments and fees for temporary visa holders

Public (government) schools are run by each state, and the first year has different names: Kindergarten in NSW, Prep in VIC and QLD. Each home address has a designated local school (a catchment or zone), and if you live in the catchment the school must take your child. To enrol you need a birth certificate or passport, proof of address and immunisation records. The school year starts in late January and has 4 terms. Children of citizens and permanent residents pay no tuition fees. Children of temporary visa holders usually pay fees in NSW and VIC, while QLD charges mainly dependants of student visa holders and visitor visa holders; check your state's website. This page covers NSW, VIC and QLD.

Family Tax Benefit (FTB)

Family Tax Benefit (FTB) is a payment from the Australian Government to help families with the cost of raising children. It has two parts, Part A and Part B, and is paid by Services Australia through Centrelink. Part A is worked out for each child and depends on your family income. Part B is paid per family, to single parents or couples with one main income. You must meet residence rules (normally Australian citizenship or a permanent visa), so families on temporary visas usually cannot get it.

Child Care Subsidy (CCS)

Child Care Subsidy (CCS) is the Australian Government's child care payment. It is paid directly to the child care service you use, so you pay less in fees. Your subsidy percentage depends on your family income, and there is an hourly rate cap. From 5 January 2026, the 3 Day Guarantee gives eligible families at least 72 hours of subsidised care per fortnight. CCS only covers government-approved child care, and you must meet residence rules and your child must meet immunisation requirements.

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